High muscle tone - care; Increased muscle tension - care; Upper motor neuron syndrome - care; Muscle stiffness - care
Definition
Muscle spasticity, or spasms, causes your muscles to become stiff or rigid. It can also cause exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, like a knee-jerk reaction when your reflexes are checked.
Self-care
These things may make your spasticity worse:
Being too hot or too cold
The time of day
Stress
Tight clothing
Bladder infections and spasms
Your menstrual cycle (for women)
Certain body positions
New skin wounds or ulcers
Hemorrhoids
Being very tired or not getting enough sleep
Your physical therapist can teach you and your caregiver stretching exercises you can do. These stretches will help keep your muscles from getting shorter or tighter.
Being active will also help keep your muscles loose. Aerobic exercise, especially swimming, and strength-building exercises are both helpful. Playing games and sports and doing daily tasks may also help. Talk with your doctor or physical therapist first before starting any exercise program.
Your doctor or nurse may place splints or casts on some of your joints to keep them from becoming so tight that you cannot move them easily. Make sure to wear these as your doctor or nurse tells you to.
Be careful about getting pressure sores from exercise or being in the same position in a bed or wheelchair for too long.
Muscle spasticity can increase your chances of falling and hurting yourself. Be sure to take precautions so that you do not fall.
Drugs that Help with Spasticity
Your doctor may prescribe drugs for you to take to help with muscle spasticity. Some common ones are:
Baclofen (Lioresal)
Dantrolene (Dantrium)
Diazepam (Valium)
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
These medicines have side effects. Call your doctor if you have these side effects and they make it hard for you to keep taking your medicine:
Being tired during the day
Confusion
Feeling "hung over" in the morning
Nausea
Problems passing urine
Do NOT just stop taking these drugs, especially Zanaflex. It can be dangerous if you stop taking your medicine all at once.
When to Call the Doctor
Pay attention to changes in your muscle spasticity. Changes may mean that your other medical problems are getting worse.
Always call your doctor or nurse if you:
Have problems with the drugs you are taking for muscle spasms.
Cannot move your joints as much. This is called joint contracture.
Have a harder time moving around or transferring out of your bed or chair.
Have skin sores or skin redness.
Your pain is getting worse.
References
Lee Y-T, Brennan P. Cerebral palsy. In: Frontera, WR, Silver JK, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 114.
Review Date:
5/22/2012
Reviewed By:
Luc Jasmin, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, and Department of Anatomy at UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc.
